https://sp.rmbl.ws/s8/1/Q/Z/E/k/QZEki.qR4e-small-SIZE-MATTERS.jpg
The attached PDF is text from a SCOTUS challenge to #Revenue #taxation and the #CORPORATION status of taxed revenue.
Page 542 of the PDF gives specific range of words used, with regard to taxation, repayment of over taxation and the status of court engages, regarding Taxes and property.
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The first Income Tax law, the Revenue Act of 1913, provided: "That in computing net income under this section there shall be excluded the interest upon the obligations of a state or any political subdivision thereof, and upon the obligations of the United States or its possessions.” (Italics ours) In the income taxing acts prior to the Revenue Act of 1913, interest upon Federal securities was expressly mentioned and taxed. (Although sometimes at reduced rates.) See Act of August 5, 1861, 12 Stat. 309, sec. 49; Act of July 1, 1862, 12 Stat. 473, sec. 89 ; Act of June 30, 1864, 13 Stat. 281, sec. 116; Act of March 3, 1865, 13 Stat. 479; Act of July 14, 1870, 16 Stat. 257, sec. 6; and Act of Aug. 15, 1894, 28 Stat. 553, sec. 27. Those Acts had developed and used the phrase "notes, bonds, and other securities. " Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., supra. The Act of 1894 was declared invalid by the Supreme Court in the case of Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., supra. One of the objections to the statute made by the Court in that case was that it taxed income from "state securities. " The provisions in the Revenue Act of 1913, therefore, with reference to the exemption of interest on obligations of a state was a recognition of the Constitutional limitation announced in the Pollock case, supra. It is of particular significance that the word used in the 1913 Act was “ obli15 i gation " in spite of the fact that the word used in the Pollock case was “ securities." That Congress deliberately used the broader term seems to be conclusively established by the companion provision in subdivision (B) exempting interest on ' securities issued under the provisions of the Federal Farm Loan Act." Point C. The effect of the lower Court's decision is to substitute the term 'securities " for 'obligations ' in the statute. The basis of the Court's opinion seems to be summarized in the following statement: "We see no reason why the construction of the statute should be so broadened as to cover a transaction which had no relation to the flotation of securities." (Italics ours.) (Rec. 34.) Even in its ordinary sense, “as used in common speech," (Eisner v. Macomber, 252 U. S. 189; Old Colony Railroad Company v. Commissioner, (decided February 15, 1932) supra) the term obligation is broad enough to include the duty of the United States to refund overpaid taxes. That using a word in its ordinary sense does not result in a "broadened" construction of it is, we submit, self-evident. The Court, in refusing to hold that the term "obligations " covers the duty of the United States to make refunds of taxes, has not refused to broaden the construction of the statute. It is, we think, more nearly correct to say the Court's decision results in narrowing the construction of the statute. The effect of the decision is to substitute the term "securities " for the term " obligations " in subdivision (C) of Section 213(b) (4) of the Revenue Act of 1926. This, we respectfully submit, is an assumption of legislative authority, and beyond the power of the Court.16 Ogden v. Strong, 18 Federal Cases 10, 460; Louisville, etc. Railr
The #tyranny of #war usually has a #CIVIL portion of the #cycle
@Gandalph and @cassie explore the cycle of Tyranny #immigration and use of #whitehat forces
SHOW NOTES
https://www.haystack.tv/v/surge-migrants-southern-border-fueling-humanitarian-crisis
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/11/us/politics/trump-2025-immigration-agenda.html
https://rumble.com/v3xmqqa-redemption-shield-discount.html
https://thefederalist.com/2023/12/06/the-military-recruitment-crisis-is-a-reflection-of-changing-american-values/
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/immigration-arizona-migrants-us-mexico-border/
...
The construct of our #realm or #world as defined in 1890
A guide to ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND places
Due to the size of the document, this has been segmented into FOUR parts. This post defines part four, the final portion of the text
As always, on the #Gandalph #library .. the #PDF is attached.
The construct of our #realm or #world as defined in 1890
A guide to ONE HUNDRED THOUSAND places
Due to the size of the document, this has been segmented into FOUR parts. This post defines part one
As always, on the #Gandalph #library .. the #PDF is attached.
PREFACE.
THIS HIS Work has been designed with the object of supplying the Public with a thoroughly complete and accurate Atlas of Modern Geography, in a convenient reference form, and at a moderate price.
The requirements of such an Atlas have been carefully considered, not only from a national point of view, but also with regard to the wants of the student, the man of business, and the general reader. Perhaps the most characteristic feature of the Atlas is, that a much larger number of maps has been devoted to the British Empire. and the United States than is given in any other modern English Atlas. In the mapping of the British Empire, no less than eighteen plates are devoted to the United Kingdom alone ; these have been reduced ...
Segment ONE of NINE posts ..
I have broken the text into multiple segments, due to size
PREFACE .
IN 1887, when the first volume of the American and English Encyclopædia
of Law was published, a signal stage in the history of lawbook making was entered upon. The enormous and rapidly growing mass of adjudicated cases to be found in the reports required that new methods of stating and finding the law be devised. The Law Encyclopædia has proved so useful, so time and labor saving, and so essential to the practitioner's equipment, that no apologies are required in presenting this work to the profession.
This work is not a new or revised edition of any other publication. The design is to present anew the entire body of the law, substantive and adjective, as declared by the decisions of the courts, under titles alphabetically arranged. In many respects the plan corresponds to that of the American and English Encyclopædia of Law, Second Edition, and the Encyclopædia of Pleading and Practice, and use has been ...
GOING Live on TWITCH https://www.twitch.tv/drunken_gandalph
Monday 1-23-23 3P EST
SHOW NOTES - A glimpse into the FUTURE of the Useless Eaters
LOOKS Like a large Habitrail to ME (Gandalph)
From the mouth of Wolves in sheeps Clothing
https://www.arabianbusiness.com/tags/zero-gravity-urbanism
And the WEF says it out loud
https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20230120005356/en/Saudi-Delegation-Highlights-Kingdom%E2%80%99s-Evolving-Global-Growth-Story-at-World-Economic-Forum
WHAT is THE LINE
Supposed to open in five years
https://www.neom.com/en-us/regions/theline
The end of Fossil Fuel AND freely used transport
https://610kona.com/washington-state-dot-shows-massive-revenue-loss-on-the-way/
Manhattan re imagined as THE LINE concept
DesignBoom says
https://www.designboom.com/architecture/neom-line-saudi-arabia-vertical-city-interview-tarek-qaddumi-08-11-2022/
The MAN knows where you are .. always
https://www.bain.com/insights/how-robot-taxis-will-change-mobility-over-the-next-ten-years-world-economic-forum/
If you have a "Private" vehicle, still not truly FREE MOVEMENT
https://auto.hindustantimes.com/auto/news/a-tesla-model-3-owner-tricked-a-carjacker-with-remote-helps-cop-nab-the-suspect-41589449972759.html
Your PHONE is in the middle of this
https://www.mobileappdaily.com/best-location-tracking-apps
An example of a CONTROLLED environment - East Germany post WW2
https://www.npr.org/2018/09/29/652567677/punks-up-against-the-wall
THIS is the societal corrosion so squelched from review
Yet the music always makes it through
https://www.factmag.com/2016/09/24/punk-priest-stasi-spy-east-berlin-mark-reeder/